Pigment Dyeing of 100% cotton fabric to produce combined shade.

 

Name of the Experiment : Pigment Dyeing of 100% cotton fabric to produce combined shade.

Introduction :

Pigment dyeing is a comparatively recent addition. In the process of pigment dyeing no actual chemical reaction takes place between the dye and the fabric. Instead, what happens is that the pigments get seated on the fabric with the help of binders. There is a challenge in pigment dyeing. Pigments are not soluble in water and show no affinity for fiber. So, conventional dyestuff-based dyeing conditions are not feasible for pigment dyeing. To come to terms with such limitations, a new kind of pigments have been formulated for use in fibers. These are maintained in a stable dispersion in the medium of water by anionic surfactants. This type of pigment is known as pigment resin color (PRC), primarily used in printing. Some of the popular pigments used in fabrics

Objective :

Ø  To learn about dyeing process of cotton fabric by pigment.

Ø  To dye cotton fabric by pigment.

Ø  To make a combined shade using red, yellow, blue color substances.

Ø  To write a report according to the experiment.

Nature of the sample : 

•      Pre-treated 100% cotton knitted fabric.

Apparatus Required :

•      Beakers.
•      Glass Rod.
•      Pipette.
•      Measuring Cylinder.
•      Digital Balance.
•     Tri-pod stand.
•      Gas Burner.
•     Thermometer.
•      Pot.
•      Padding Mangle machine.

Process Sequence :

Collection of pre-treated sample

↓

Set water level

↓

Add Pigment solution

↓

Add binder solution

↓

Add fixer solution

↓

Add fabric sample

↓

Raise the temperature to 60deg C

↓

Run time for 20 minute

↓

Bath drop

↓

Padding

↓

Curing

↓

Wash

Dyeing Recipe has been shown in table: 5.1

SL	Process Parameter	Unit	Dossing	Stock Solution
01	Binder	g/L	1	1%
02	Fixer	g/L	2	1%
03	Pigment Red	%	0.5	1%
04	Pigment Yellow	%	1	1%
05	Pigment Blue	%	0.5	1%
06	Sample Weight	gm	5	---
07	M:L	-----	1:30	---
08	Temperature	°C	60	---
09	Time	min	20	----

Function of Chemicals :

            Fixer:  

Ø  It helps the pigment particle to attach with fabric.

            Binder:

Ø  Binder is the material that holds the pigment together and gives a finish that sticks well to the surface.

            Pigment: 

Ø  Main substances to produce color.

Calculation :

            Total Liquor:              Material Weight X L        { M:L }

                                                = 5gm X 30

                                                = 150 mL

`           Binder :                      =  (150 X 1)/(1% X 1000) mL   

                                                =  15mL

            Fixer:                           =(150 X 2)/(1% X 1000)   mL  

                                             =   30mL         

            Pigment Red:             =(5 X 0.5%)/(1%)  mL  

                                                =  2.5 mL

            Pigment Yellow:      =(5 X 1%)/(1%)  mL 

                                                =  5 mL

                Pigment Blue:           =(5 X 0.5%)/(1%)  mL

                                                =  2.5 mL

            Initial Water :                         = Total Liquor - (chemicals)

                                                = 150 - (15+30+2.5+5+2.5)mL

                                                = 95mL

Process Curve :

Figure 5.1 : Process Curve

Sample Attachment & Observation :

Figure: 5.2

Comments :  Pigments particles attached on the fabric surface.