Name of the Experiments: Determination of color fastness to washing using a gray scale.

1. Objective:
To learn about color fastness to washing.
To learn about the process to test color fastness to washing.

2. Theory:
Color fastness to washing means, A specimen of the textile, in contact with one or two specified adjacent fabrics, is mechanically agitated under described conditions of time and temperature in a soap solution, then rinsed and dried. The change in color of the specimen and the staining of the adjacent fabric are assessed with the grey scales.

3. Experimental Procedure:
Sample: Natural dyed sample of 10X4 cm2.
Dyes & Chemicals:
Table 7.1: List of dyes and chemicals
Dyes & Chemicals
Function
Detergent
To remove dirt, dust & excessive color.
 Sodium Perborate
It available as an active oxidant in detergent.



Equipment List:
o   Beaker.
o   Measuring Cylinder.
o   Pipette.
o   Pot.
o   Digital Balance.
o   Scissor.
o   Tri-pod stand.
o   Gas Burner.
o   Thermometer.
o   Gray scale for color change.
o   Gray scale for color fading.
o   Light Box.
o   Dryer.
o   Multi fibre.







4.Working Procedure:
Table 7.2 :  Recipe of Washing
SL
Process Parameter
Unit
Dossing
Stock Solution
01
Detergent
g/L
4
1%
02
Sodium Perborate
g/L
1
1%
03
M:L
------
1:50
------
04
Temperature
°C
40
------
05
Time
min
30
-------



Calculation:
                Total Liquor:                       50mL
                                                               
               
                Detergent :                         =  (50 X 4)/(1% X 1000) mL  
                                                                =  20mL

                Sodium Perborate :         =  (50 X 1)/(1% X 1000) mL  
                                                                =  5mL



                           Initial Water :                     = Total Liquor - (chemicals)
                                                                = 50 - (20+5)mL
                                                                = 50-25 mL
                                                                = 25mL









Process Flow Chart:
Sample & Multi-fibre conditioned as lab standard (20±2)°C temperature and relative humidity (65±2).
↓
Take multi-fibre & sample of 10X4 cm2.
↓
Sewing both multi-fibre and test specimen together.
↓
Wash sewed specimen as per recipe.
↓
Final assessment with both type of gray scale.  



Figure 7.1: Process Flow Chart




Process Description:
                At first, we need to collect conditioned dyed sample and multi-fiber of 10X4 cm2 and stitch them together. Then we need to set bath and take chemicals as per recipe. Then we immersed sample to the bath and heated it up to 40°C for 30 minutes. After the process, it need to dry the sample and compare with grayscale to color change for dyed sample and compare with grayscale to color staining for multi-fiber.

Precautions:
o   Taking chemicals as per recipe provided by the Instructor.
o   Taking every weight of chemicals carefully.

5. Result & Discussion:                                 
Discussion: We have to compare our sample with gray scale of color change & compare our multi-fibre with gray scale of color staining.

Rating for color change: 2-3
Table 7.3: Rating for staining (Multi-fibre)
Acetate
Cotton
Nylon
Polyester
Acrylic
Wool
4-5
4-5
3-4
5
5
5



6. Conclusion & Comments: By doing this experiment we have learned about the determination of color fastness to washing of any dyed sample by rating color change and color staining.