Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Apparel or Garments Related) Part-1

 

1. What is seam?

Ans: Seam is joining of pieces of fabric together with stitching.

2. What is French seam?

Ans: French Seam is narrow seam within a seam, used on fabrics which ravel easily .

3. What is trimming?

Ans: Trimming is Evenly cutting away part of the seam allowance .

4. What is seam Allowance?

Ans: Seam Allowance is the Width between fabric edge and seam line .

5. What is Plain Seam?

Ans: Plain Seam is the Most common type of seam, Suitable for all areas of a garment and fabrics except for sheers and laces.

6. What is Gathers?

Ans: Gathers meanstheTiny, soft folds of fabric formed when a larger piece of fabric is sewn to a smaller piece

7. What is seam finish?

Ans: Seam Finish istheTreatment on seam edges to prevent raveling and make the seam stronger and last longer.

8. What is Basting?

Ans: Basting is the Temporarily joining layers of fabric together.

9. What is Grading ?

Ans: Grading means theTrimming each seam allowance to a different width.

10. What is Back stitching?

Ans: Sewing backward and forward in the same place to secure stitching, is known as Backstitching.

11. Dart

Ans: A stitched fold that provides shape and fullness to a garment so that it fits the curves of the body

12. What is Hem?

Ans: A finished edge on a garment, one of the last steps in sewing a garment is called the hem.

13. What is Notching ?

Ans: Cutting V-shaped sections from the seam allowance is called notching.

14. What is Clipping?

Ans: Making straight cuts into the seam allowance is called clipping.

15. What is Topstitched Seam ?

Ans: A plain seam with a row of machine stitching on one or both sides of the seam line is known as the top stitched seam.

16. What is Alter?

Ans: Alter means to change the pattern or garment so that it fits the body and represents body measurements and proportions.

17. What is Applique.?

Ans: Applique is A cut-out decoration, design or motif applied to base fabric.

18. What is Armscye?

Ans: Armscye means the Armhole; opening for a sleeve.

19. What is Asymmetrical ?

Ans: Asymmetrical means the One-sided, not geometrically balanced.

20. What is Baste?

Ans: Baste is the Stitches made by hand or machine to hold fabric pieces together temporarily.

21. What is Bias?

Ans: Bias is the Diagonal direction of fabric. True bias is at a 45-degree angle to the grain line.

22. What is Binding?

Ans: Binding is the Strip to encase edges as a finish or trim.

23. What is Blind hem?

Ans: Blind hem means the Sewing a hem invisibly with hand or machine stitches.

24. What is Blouson?

Ans: Blouson means the Bloused effect of fullness gathered in at and falling over a seam, typically the bodice over a skirt.

25. What is Bodice?

Ans: Bodice means the Portion of garment above the waist.

26. What is Bolt?

Ans: Bolt is the Unit in which fabric is packaged and sold by the manufacturer. Usually contains 12 to 20 yards.

27. What is Boning?

Ans: Boning means the Flexible strips used to stiffen seams or edges.

28. What is Casing?

Ans: Casing is a folded-over edge of garment or area through which elastic or ribbon is threaded.

29. What is Chevron?

Ans: Chevron is a V-shaped stripes.

30. what is Clean finish?

Ans: Clean finish means the method for finishing the raw edges of pockets, hems or seams.

When the export contract is CIF, then the exporter makes payment of the freight and gets “freight paid” Bill of Landing. On the other hand, if the contract is FOB, the freight has to be paid by the importer. In that case, the shipping company will issue a “freight collect” Bill of Landing.

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Apparel or Garments Related) Part-4

 

91. What is secure?

Ans: Fasten permanently by means of a knot, backstitching, etc.

92. What is Self fabric?

Ans: Self fabric means the same material as the rest of the garment.

93. What is Selvage?

Ans: Selvage is the Lengthwise finished edges on all woven fabrics. Running parallel to the lengthwise grain.

94.What is Semi-fitted?

Ans: Fitting to conform partly, but not too closely, to the shape of the figure.

95. What is Serger?

Ans: A machine that overcasts and trims an edge simultaneously.

96. What is Shank?

Ans: The Link between button and fabric to allow for the thickness of overlapping fabric.

97. What is Sheath?

Ans: Sheath means the Close-fitting dress with a straight skirt.

98. What is Shirt waist?

Ans: Dress with bodice details similar to a shirt.

99. What is Shrinking?

Ans: Constricting fabric with steam or water to eliminate excess in a specific area. Also done to fabric before cutting out a garment to prevent further fabric shrinkage.

100. What is Silhouette?

Ans: Silhouette means the Outline or contour of a figure or garment.

101. What is Single-breasted?

Ans: Center front closing with enough flap to allow one row of buttons.

102. What is Slash?

Ans: A Cut taken in fabric to facilitate construction or turning of fabric at a point or corner.

103. What is slip stitch?

Ans: A hand stitch used to join two layers of fabric from the right side.

104. What is Stay?

Ans: Stay it Means of maintaining the shape of a garment area, by using a small piece of fabric or tape that is sewn to an area of the garment to reinforce and secure a position.

105. What is Stitching?

Ans: Stitching in the technique of sewing a straight stitch inconspicuously in the seam well on the correct side of a previously stitched seam. Used to complete waist- bands, cuffs, collars, and French bias binding.

106. What is a take?

Ans: Tack – Joining two garment layers with small, loose, hand stitches or thread loops.

107. What is Tailoring?

Ans: Tailoring means the Construction technique requiring special hand sewing and pressing to mold fabric into a finished garment.

108. What is Taper?

Ans: Cutting or stitching at a slight diagonal, generally to make gradually smaller.

109. What is Template?

Ans: Template is a shape made of a stiff sub- stance, such as freezer paper, usually the size of the finished design. (i.e., pocket, applique shape or quilt pattern)

110. What is Tension ?

Ans: Tension – Amount of pull on thread or fabric during construction. Also the relationship of the needle and bobbin thread and how they interlock to form the sewing machine stitch, creat- ing a balanced, looser or tighter stitch.

111. What is Thread count?

Ans: Thread count means the Number of threads in 1 square inch of fabric.

112. What is Topstitching?

Ans: Line of machine stitching parallel to a seam or edge, done from the right side of a garment.

113. What is Trim?

Ans: To cut away excess fabric is called Trim .

114. What is Trimming?

Ans: A Feature added to a garment for ornamentation, such as braid or self - fabric.

115. What is Twill tape?

Ans: A Firmly woven tape used for tailoring to reinforce and prevent stretching.

116. What is Underlining?

Ans: Lining joined in garment seams that is used to give shape or support.

117. What is Under stitching?

Ans: Under stitching is Folding the entire seam allowance to the facing side or under- side and then stitching on the correct side of the facing close to the seam edge. This allows the seam to lie flat and keeps the seam edge from showing on the correct side of the garment.

118. What is Vent?

Ans: A faced or lined slash in a garment for ease.

119. What is Welt?

Ans: Welt is a Strip of material stitched to a seam, border or edge.

120. What is Wrap-around?

Ans: Wrap-around means the Garment or part of a garment wrapped around a person, such as a skirt.

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Apparel or Garments Related) Part-10

 

261. What do you mean by sport shirt?

Ans. The shirt which is sporty and needs no neck tie.

262. What are the function of clothing?

Ans. 1. Protection 2. Decoration 3. Identification

263. What is the requirement of clothing?

Ans. 1. Suitability, 2. Appearance, 3. Comfort, 4. Aftercare , 5. stability

264. How can we difference between a ladies shirt and a Gents shirt?

Ans. Buttons are on the opposite side to that of gents shirt,

Ladies shirt: Upper front part is right side.

Gents shirt: Upper front part is left side.

Ladies pant: Fly piece is right side.

Gents pant: fly piece is left side.

265. What is E-Textiles?

Ans. E-textile also known as electronic textiles are fabrics that enable computing, digital components and electronics to be embedded in them. The emphasis of e-textile will be on creating a women textile with embedded copper which will provide the usual wear comfort and at the same time it will have a circuit with a few chips sunning at few megahertz.

Example: In the field of medical prevention and rehabilitation it becomes highly necessary to continuously monitor the patient’s health condition by keeping sensing devices close to the body and e-textile can successfully accomplish senior functionality.

266. What is the reason for clothing?

Ans:

Modesty

Protection against adverse climate conditions

Adornment

Identification

Aristocratic reason

267. Size of Human?

Ans.

Men-(i). Short- 5’ 3” to 5’ 7” (ii). Regular- 5’8” to 6’ (iii). Tall- above 6’

Women-(i). Short 4’11” to 5’3” (ii). 5’4” to 5’7” (iii). Tall above 5’7”

268. What is Production pattern/Garments pattern?

Ans. When necessary allowances are added to the working patterns, then they are called production pattern.

269.What is Working pattern?

Ans. The patterns which are made with net dimension of a particular style called working patterns.

270. What methods are used to make Block patterns?

Ans. i. Flat method ii. Modeling method

271. What are the methods of pattern grading?

Ans. (i).Manual grading, (ii). Computer aided grading.

272. What is half part grading?

Ans. If the increasing or decreasing is done in every sides of a pattern, then it is called half part grading.

273. What is ¼th part grading?

Ans. If the increasing or decreasing is done in either lengthwise or widthwise or in any two sides of a pattern then it is called ¼th part grading.

274. What is C.B.L (Center back line)?

Ans. Middle point of back neck up to the bottom end in the back part of a shirt.

275. What is C.F.L (Center front line)?

Ans. Line from the top button to the bottom end in the face side of a shirt.

276. What is collar stand or collar band?

Ans. It’s the part of a collar in which collar stands in upward direction. Collar stands in upward direction.

277. What is cuff?

Ans. It is the end point of sleeve of a shirt laying around the wrist.

278. What is Ticket number?

Ans. It indicates the coarseness or fineness of a sewing thread. e.g. 3/60, 2/80 etc.

279. What is Hemming?

Ans. The process of sewing of an edge or border on a piece of cloth, especially a finished edge, as for a garment or curtain, made by folding an edge under and stitching it down. e.g. Bottom edge of a shirt.

280. What is lead-time?

Ans. The time interval between the initiation and the completion of a production process.

281. How design can be developed?

Ans.

Sketching (Two dimension method): Usually developed on paper

Modeling (Three dimension method): Usually developed dummy or live model

Computer aided design (CAD): Usually developed using design related software.

282. T-shirt Feature.

Ans.

Refers as casual

Garments with narrow neckline,

Garments with short or long sleeves,

No collar/Cuff, and

Usually made of cotton.

283. Polo-shirt feature.

Ans.

Used to cover the upper body part (Tops),

Garments with short/long sleeves,

Garments with collar and cuffs,

Short button placket or short chest opening, and

Made of either 100% cotton or CVC or PC.

284. Tank Top feature.

Ans.

It is a sleeveless pull over,

It is used over a shirt,

Used as warm shirt,

Garments with waist band, and

It is put on over head.

285. Pull over/Sweater feature.

Ans.

Used as warm shirts,

Garments with long sleeves,

Garments with waist band, and

Put on over head.

286. Cardigan feature.

Ans:

Open front and fastened with a zipper or button,

Garments with waist band,

Used as warm shirts, and

Usually made of wool/acrylic.

287. Shirt feature.

Ans.

Upper-body garment with a collar, cuffs and pocket,

A full vertical opening and fastened with buttons,

With short or long sleeves, and

Men’s shirt having lower front part at right hand side and for women it is exactly opposite.

288. Sportswear feature.

Ans.

Auto motorcycle racing wear

Bike wear

Golf apparel

Ski wear (winter garments)

Sports jersey and track tops

Sports shorts and trousers

Swim wear and beach wear

Training and jogging wear

289. What is the function of CAD in apparel industries?

Ans.

Garments design.

Pattern design & pattern preparation.

Pattern grading

Marker making

290. What is the function of CAM in apparel industries?

Ans.

Fabric spreading.

Cutting systems.

Mover systems.

Sewing systems.

Study on the Crochet warp knitting machine.

 Experiment Name: - Study on the Crochet warp knitting machine.

Introduction:

The warp knitting machine is a knitting m/c where the loops are formed in course wise direction and the fabric produced is in open width form. In Tricot warp knitting m/c compound needles are used. The warp yarns are feed to the needles through guide bars using shogging and swinging motion.

Objectives:

*      To get clear concept about the driving mechanism of crotchet knitting machine.
*      To know the functions of different parts of the machine.
*      To know about the different motions of the machine.
*      To know different parts of the machine.
*      To improve our technical knowledge.

Specification of the machine:

Ø  Company: DAH HEER Industrial Co. LTD.
Ø  Brand: DAHU.
Ø  Origin: Taiwan.
Ø  Model No: L
Ø  Size: 15 G

Main parts:

Motor
Main shaft
Size lever
Shogging motion lever
Weft yarn guide bar
Warp yarn guide bar
Needle bar
Needle
Pressure roller
Take up roller
Ratchet wheel

Machine description:

The machine is driven by an electric motor. Motion is transferred to the machine parts by gear and toothed belt. Here weft yarn guide bar gives to and fro motion and shogging motion. Shogging motion lever give motion to the weft yarn guide bar. Shogging motion is driven from motor by main shaft. Needle bar and warp yarn guide bar also give to and fro and shogging motion by the same mechanism. Take up roller has ratchet wheel, by which take up roller gets motion from the motor by pushing pawl and some mechanism.

    Fig: Crochet warp knitting machine.

Features of crochet machine:

1.    On crochet machines, the warp chains are separate from the weft inlay and it is the latter threads that join the chaining Wales to each other.
2.    A single horizontal needle bar whose simple reciprocating action can be used to operate individually- tricked latch, carbine or embroidery needles.
3.    The patent or carbine bearded needle is used for fine structures and has a sideways crimped beard placed in a permanently- pressed position.
4.    No sinker, instead a fixed hold back bar is fitted in front of the knock over verge to prevent the fabric moving out with the needles.
5.    Closed lap pillar stitches and inlay threads controlled and supplied as separate warp and weft respectively.
6.    Each needle is lapped from below by its own warp guide, which is clipped to a bar, whose automatic one needle overlap and return and under lap and shog is fixed and is controlled from an electric cam whilst it’s upwards and downwards swing is derived from a rocker shaft. The warp yarn is often placed low at the front of the machine.
7.    The weft yarn often placed above and towards the back of the machine, supplying the carrier tubes, which are clipped to the spring-loaded inlay bars.
8.    There are usually up to two warp guide bars and up to 16 weft inlay bars, which may be electronically controlled.
9.    The weft inlay bars may rather be electronically-driven or mechanically controlled in the traditional manner by chain links or levers. The choice is governed by the requirements either of long complex pattern repeats and quick pattern changes as in sampling, or for simple structures and long production runs.
10. The knitting widths of crochet machine may vary between 16 and 122 inches (400 and 3100 mm).
11. Gauge, often expressed in needles per centimeter, are between 2 and 10 (E5 to E24).
12. Machines run at speeds between 200 and 350 courses per minute.
13. Crochet machines can process a range of filament yarns from 20 dtex to 1000 dtex.
14. The warp yarn is often placed low at the front of the machine.
15. Special attachments are available for producing fancy effects such as cut or uncut fring edges, pile, braiding and snail shell designs.
16. Crochet machines, with their simple construction, ease of pattern and width changing, and use of individual yarn packages or beams provide the opportunity for short runs on coarse, or fine-gauge fancy and open-work structures and edgings, as well as the specialist production of wide fancy fabrics or narrow elastic laces.

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Apparel or Garments Related) Part-12

 

321. What do you mean by Shipping Bill?

Ans. The shipping bill is the main documents required by the customs authority for allowing shipment. It contains description of export goods and other particulars as defined in The Sea Customs Act, name of the vessel in which goods are to be shipped, Country of Destination etc.

322. What do you mean by Shipping Order?

Ans. It is a document issued by the shipping line intimating the shipper (Exporter) about the reservation of space for shipment of cargo through a particular vessel from a specified port and on a specified date.

323. What do you mean by Vehicle Ticket/Cart Ticket?

Ans. It is a gate pass for port gate .it is prepared for admittance of cargo through the port gate. It contains details of cargo for export, the shipper name, cart, lorry number, gate number, marks on package, quantity and description.

324. What is pattern engineering?

Ans. It is the engineering idea which is applied at the time of marking for reducing the consumption of fabric. In this case consumption is reduced by overlapping the patterns or reducing the patterns or dividing the patterns into two parts like cuff, side pocket of pant etc.

325. What is Style?

Ans. A style is a type of product that has one or more specific feature or characteristics that distinguish it and make it different from other product of the same type. e.g. A crew neck is one style of neck line and a turtle neck is another style.

326. What is Design?

Ans. Within a specific style there can be many variations in trimmings, texture, decoration or other details like embroidery, screen printing etc. The individual interpretation or variations of the same styles are called design. One style can be many designs.

327. What is Fashion?

Ans. Fashion means consumer acceptance, the prevailing or accepted style in dress or personal decoration established or adopted during a particular time or season. The most widely recognize fashion authority, the late Dr. Paul-H-Nystrom (1928) define fashion is similar words as “Nothing more or less than the prevailing style at any given time”.

328. What do you mean by D/P (Document of payment)?

Ans. Under this method, the goods are shipped and documents are sent to the importer through the banking channel. The documents are handed over to the clearing (C&F) agent for clearing the goods from the port.

329. What do you mean by D/A (Documents in Acceptance)?

Ans. Under this method of payment terms, importer takes delivery of the documents on acceptance of a claim in the form of Bill of Exchange from the bank through whom documents are sent after goods are shipped. In this method there is risk of non-acceptance of bill and non-payment due to bankruptcy.

330. What are the processes for fixation of export prices?

Ans. There are three processes-

FOB (Free on board)

C & F (Cost & Freight) (FOB cost+ Freight = C & F ) and

CIF (Cost, insurance & freight) (C&F cost + Insurance = CIF)

331. What is consumption?

Ans. In the garments trade, consumption means quantity of raw materials with a view to determine the price of a garment. In order to calculate the above quantity how much fabric, sewing thread, button, label, zipper and other accessories are required to produce a garment up to the exporting is called consumption.

332. How many types of accessories?

Ans. Two types

Visible accessories e.g. button, sewing thread etc

Invisible accessories e.g. interlining

333. What do you know about synthetic thread/yarn?

Ans. This is large group of thread/yarn made mainly from nylon, polyester, rayon and polyamide filaments or fibres.

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Apparel or Garments Related) Part-11

 

291. What is grading?

Ans. Grading means the stepwise increase or decrease of a master pattern piece to create large or small size. Grading alters the overall size of a design but not it̕s general shape & appearance.

292. What is the main objective of marker?

Ans.

To minimize the fabric wastage

To improve the quality of garments.

293. What are the main product are produced in garments Industry in Bangladesh?

Ans. Woven shirt, T-shirt, trouser, jacket, jogging shuts, sweaters, jersey etc.

294. How much currency earn from garments sector in Bangladesh every year?

Ans. Above 75%.

295. What is quota?

Ans. Kind of agreement between the exporter country where importer country mention a specific number of garments.

296. When established garments industry in Bangladesh?

Ans. In 1960, ”REAZ” garments.

297. What is the basic difference between sewing and stitching?

Ans.

Sewing is Invisible

Stitching is Visible

298. What is the difference between the yarn and thread?

Ans.

Yarn = (i) Yarn is used for producing fabrics (Knit & Woven). (ii) Normally it is single ply.

Thread = (i) Thread is used for garments sewing. (ii) It is normally two or three or four plies.

299. What measurement unit used in America and Europe.

Ans. America use=Inch, Europe use=Centimeter (cm).

300. What are the sections of sewing used for making a shirt?

Ans. There are three sections-

Collar section

Cuff section

Body section

301. What type of woven fabric?

Ans. 1. Yarn dyed, 2. Solid dyed, 3. Denim.

302. What is Line Balancing?

Ans. Line Balancing is the allocation of sewing machines according to style and design of garment. It depends on, what type of garments we have to produce.

303. What is Compliance?

Ans. Compliance means comply something’s that is yield to the wishes another. The main aim of compliance is to ensuring the all labour rights and facilities according to the Buyer code of conduct.

304. What are the different types of order?

Ans.

FOB (Free on boat) order

FOA (Free on air) order

C & F (Cost and freight) order

CIF (Cost, insurance and freight) order

CIFC (Cost, insurance, freight and commission) order

CMT (Cutting, making and trimmings) order

CM (Cost of making) order

TT (Telephonic transfer) order

Subcontract order

Exchange order.

305. What do you mean by FOB (Free on boat) order?

Ans. This is the export term of delivery and price quotation. The sellers send the goods for export and delivers them on boat (the ship). The risk is passed from seller to buyer when the goods are loaded in the ship at the port of departure. The buyer payes the freight charges. The seller does not include the freight charge with his costing.

306. What do you mean by FOA (Free on air) order?

Ans. The seller delivers the goods to the air carrier at the air port of departure. The buyer bears the risk from that moment and payes the air transport cost. The seller bears the cost of materials and making, does not include air freight.

307. What do you mean by C & F (Cost and freight) order?

Ans. The sellers send the goods for export, payes the freight charge and deliver them on boat (the ship). The risk is passes to the buyer when the goods are left the port of departure.

308. What do you mean by CIF (Cost, insurance and freight) order?

Ans. This is identical to the C&F term except that in addition, the seller ensures (pay the insurance bill) the goods against loss and damage at his own cost.

309. What do you mean by CIFC (Cost, insurance, freight and commission) order?

Ans. At this type of order, the seller includes the cost of insurance, freight and commission for local buying house.

310. What do you mean by CMT (Cutting, making and trimmings) order?

Ans. In this case, the buyer fixes the rate of CMT with the factory. So the seller does not add the price of fabric with his costing, but at L/C buyer gives all money to the factory. The factory collects only CMT money from the bank. Balance money return to the fabric supplier. This ordering system is following the tailoring shop.

311. What do you mean by CM (Cost of making) order?

Ans. In this case, the buyer fixes the rate of CM only with the factory. So the seller does not add the price of fabric and trimmings with his costing, but at L/C buyer gives all money to the factory. The factory collects only CM money from the bank. Balance money return to the fabric and accessories supplier.

312. What do you mean by TT (Telephonic transfer) order?

Ans. When order quantity is very small and need urgent delivery, in that case, buyer gives purchase contract instead of L/C and sends money to seller bank by TT. After getting money, the seller sends the goods to buyer.

313. What do you mean by Subcontract order?

Ans. It is indirect order, the order is received by another factory and when it is not possible for that factory to complete the production within the time, in that case they share the order with other factory by giving subcontract. The subcontract factory only gets the CM charge by local money from the order taker.

314. What do you mean by Exchange order?

Ans. In this case, the buyer did not pay any money against buying garments from Bangladesh. Instead of money, they are giving another goods or products, which is surplus in their country but we need it very much. This type of business is very rare. They use L/C for doing this type of business.

315. What do you mean by Proforma invoice?

Ans. Proforma invoice is temporary commercial invoice, which is send by exporter to importer. It helps to open a letter of credit (L/C) in favor of exporter by importer. It helps the foreign buyer to obtain an import license if it is necessary.

316. What do you mean by commercial invoice?

Ans. Commercial invoice is the final invoice and basic document. It contain all the details like name & address of importer and exporter, description of goods, quantity, rate, value of goods, details of shipment.

317. What do you mean by letter of credit (L/C)?

Ans. It is important document, which is used for doing the business, where Bank is responsible for payment in favor of sellers. It is a means/instrument for opening a credit (L/C) in favor of exporter by importer to make payment on fulfillment of conditions within given time.

318. What is Tag gun?

Ans. It is used for attaching the Hang tag, Price ticket etc.

319. What do you mean by Bill of Exchange?

Ans. A Bill of Exchange is a legal document and order in writing, requesting the drawee (Factory) to pay within the specified time. The drawer (supplier), drawee and payee (Bank) are involved in this transaction. The Bill of Exchange also known as draft, can be right draft or wsanee draft.

320. What do you mean by Bill of Landing?

Ans. Bill of Landing is a document issued by the shipping company acknowledging that the goods have been shipped on board and undertaking that the goods as received will be delivered to the consignee (Buyer).

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Apparel or Garments Related) Part-6

 

151. What is L/C?

Ans. L/C means letter of credit. It is one kind of agreement between buyer and seller.

152. What is pattern grading?

Ans. Grading means the stepwise increase or decrease of a master pattern piece to create large or small size. Grading alters the overall size of a design but not its general shape and appearance. If buyer requires different sizes, we would have to grade the dimension. It may be S.L, X.L and XXL.

153. What are the method of grading?

Ans. Grading can be apply two method –(I) manual method,(II) computerized method.

154. Marker as a guideline for cutting?(yes/no)

Ans. Yes.

155. What is back taking?

Ans. During sewing we need to start or end it prior to 1cm or after 1cm respectively to secure the sewing end. This is termed as back tacking.

156. What is bar tacking?

Ans. We continue sewing for several times within a vary short distance to increase the load or strength of that particular portion which is termed as bar taking.e.g- edge of pocket, belt loop, Fly piece etc.

157. What is blind stitch?

Ans. A particular type of stitch which is not visible from the face side of the garments.

158. What do you mean by C.B.L and C.F.L?

Ans. C.B.L= center back line, C.F.L= center front line

159. What are disposable garments?

Ans. The garments which are used for one time only called disposable garments. e.g. Medical garments.

160. What do you mean by Flap?

Ans. It’s the part of pocket which covers the pocket opening.

161. What is marker?

Ans. Marker is a thin paper which contain all necessary pattern pieces for all sized for a particular style of garments. it’s a representation or drawing of the arrangement of the identified materials.

162. Fabric width and length must be higher than the marker width and length? (yes/no)

Ans. Yes.

163. Grain line should be parallel to the warp direction in a woven fabric or the Wales in a knitted fabric? (true/false)

Ans. True

164. What is formula of marker efficiency?

Ans. Marker efficiency= total area of pattern pieces in a marker/total area of marker × 100%

165. The less the fabric wastage, the higher the marker efficiency?(true/false)

Ans. True.

166. The more the marker length, the higher the marker efficiency? (True/false)

Ans. True.

167. What do you mean by garments size?

Ans. The size of garments can be expressed by two methods-

Alphabetical expression e.g. S,M,L,XL,XXL

Numerical expression e.g. 38,39,40,41,42(in cm or in inch)

168. Write down the feature of T-shirt?

Ans.

Casual tops,

Narrow neck line,

Usually short sleeve,

No collar

169. Write down the feature of polo shirt?

Ans. (I) Tops, (II) short/long sleeve,(III) collar,(IV) short button placket or neck opening.

170. How can you divide all garments?

Ans. All types of garments can be divided mainly two groups –(I) Tops part, (II) Bottom part.

171. Write down the feature of pull oven / sweater?

Ans. (I) Warm shirt,(II) Long sleeve, (III) Waist band, (IV) Pull on over head.

172. Write down the feature of Tank-loop?

Ans. (I) Sleeve less pullover, (II) Used over a shirt (III) Warm shirt (IV) Waist band, (V) Pull on over head.

173. Write down the feature of cardigan?

Ans. (I) Open front, (II) Fastened with a zip or button, (III) Waist band.

174. What do you mean by CAD?

Ans. CAD means computer aided design: In apparel industry CAD systems are mainly used for garments design, pattern preparation, pattern grading and marker marking.

175. What do you mean by CAM?

Ans. CAM means computer aided manufacturing. It includes computerized sewing machines, fabric spreading machines, cutting systems.

176. Write some important meaning?

Ans.

CM= Cost of making

CMT= Cost of making with trimmings

FOB= Freight on boat

C & F= Cost and freight

CIF= cost, insurance and freight

L/C= letter of credit

177. What is cloth spreading/laying?

Ans. To spread cloth as determined by needed quantity as per marking/ the smooth laying out of fabric in superimposed layer of specified length.

178. What do you mean by fabric cutting?

Ans. To cut the cloth according to marker of patterns for sewing.

179. What are the methods of fabric cutting?

Ans.

(A) Manual method

Scissor

Round knife

Band knife

Straight knife

Die cutting

Notcher & -Drill

(B) Computerized method

Straight knife cutting

Water jet cutting

Leaser beam cutting

Plasma torch cutting

180. What do you know about fusible interlining?

Ans. The interlining which is attaching to the garments component by the application of temperature and pressure is called fusible interlining

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Apparel or Garments Related) Part-7

 

181. How fusible interlining is manufactured?

Ans. By using a resin coating of thermoplastic materials on a piece of fabric.

182. For symmetrical fabric marker efficiency is high and less efficiency for asymmetrical fabric? (True/false)

Ans. True.

183. The more large patterns and less small patterns reduce marker efficiency? (True/false)

Ans. True.

184. For more small patterns, marker efficiency will be increased? (True/false)

Ans. True.

185. What do you know about symmetrical fabric?

Ans. Fabric which can retain the same appearance in case of turning in 180° angle called symmetrical fabric. e.g. solid dyed fabric.

186. What do you know about the asymmetrical fabric?

Ans. Asymmetrical fabric is those which can not retain the same appearance while turning in 180° angle. E.g. pile fabric, brushed fabric etc.

187. What are the methods of marker making?

Ans.

Manual,

Computerized.

188. What are the wastage of marker?

Ans.

(I) Inside wastage

(II) Outside wastage

Ends of ply losses (2-4) inch

Loss of fabric ends

Selvedge losses

Purchase losses

189. What is sample?

Ans. The garment which is needed for bulk production is called sample garment.

190. What is sewing?

Ans. The process of joining of fabric by the use of needle and sewing thread is called sewing.

191. What are the basic components of sewing?

Ans.

Needle

Throat plate

Pressure foot

Feed dogs

Sewing thread and fabric.

192. Write some name of sewing defects?

Ans.

Seam pucker

Broken or open stitch

Staggered stitch

Slipped or skipped stitch

Vertical stitch density.

193. What do you mean by seam puckering?

Ans. Stitching with unwanted gathering.

194. What do you mean by pressing and Finishing?

Ans. The process by which the unwanted crease and winkles are removed from the garments and the outlook of the garments is improved as well.

195. Which iron is used for industrial purposes?

Ans. Steam irons.

196. What do you know about lings?

Ans. Lings is the measuring unit of button diameter. To measure the outer diameter of button we use lings number. 1 ling = 1/40 inch = 0.025 inch = 0.636 mm

197. How many types of label?

Ans. There are mainly three types of label

Main label,

Size label,

Care label.

The all other of label are called sub label.

198. What do you know about motif?

Ans. The special component which is attached outside of the garment for decorative purpose called motif. e.g. company name, trade mark or other symbols can be written on the motif.

199. What do you know about dart and pleat ?

Ans.

Dart = part of cloth is folded and stitched to slenderize it

A pleat is a type of fold formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and securing it in place or the pleat shows the form being folded and stitched.

200. How many types of woven fabric?

Ans. Three types – (I) yarn dyed (II) solid dyed(s/d) (III) Denim

201. Desizing is mandatory or obvious before washing (True/False)

Ans. True.

202. Why hot ash is necessary?

Ans. To clean the desize chemicals (introduction to cold water re-solidify the fat and wax)

203. Why M:L is important?

Ans. Without m:l we can not determine the required amount of dyes, chemicals and water during dyeing, washing and other wet processing. That’s why m:l is important.

204. What is the mechanism of producing fading effect in garments manufacturing?

Ans. Three process of fading mechanism –

Chemical action.

Mechanical action

Biological action.

205. How many types of mechanical abrasion in garments washing?

Ans. Three types –

Garment to garment.

Garment to m/c

Garment to solid material (e.g. stone)

206. How many types of chemical action in garment washing?

Ans. Three types-

Regular(Bleach wash)

Irregular(Acid wash)

Local(p.p.spray, p.p.sponge)

207. What is the factor depends on action of washing?

Ans.

Time

Temperature

Mechanical abrasion

Chemical action

208. What do you mean by costing and pricing/?

Ans.

Costing = Total consumption of garments without profit

Pricing = costing with profit.

209. What do you know about back to back L/C opening?

Ans. For purchasing fabric and accessories against main L/C.

210. What is lead time in garments?

Ans. Time start from L/C opening or order receive to garments delivery is called lead time.

Lead time — local market = 45 days

Foreign market = 90-120 days

211. What is stock lot?

Ans. When goods are made for buyer but not possible to shipping as a result goods are stain at store. This goods are called stock lot .

212. How many parts of jacket?

Ans. Three parts

Upper part is called shell

Inner part is called lining

Middle part is called interlining.

213. Write down the other commercial name of interlining?

Ans. Padding / wedding/ Bedding / polyfil.

214. What types of garments are made from feather?

Ans. Overcoats,jackets,pillow,blanket etc.

215. What types of feather are used for making garments?

Ans. Duck chest feathers.

216. What do you mean by quality?

Ans. Quality is the difference between the products or It is the goodness or badness in a product or the feather of a product which satisfy customers or end users.

217. What do you mean by label?

Ans. Label is an attached component of garment on which important information regarding the garment are written or printed.

218. What do you mean by WWSC and RSWD?

Ans.

WWSC = wash with similar color

RSWD = Re shape whilst damp.

219. Which inspection system widely used in garment industry?

Ans. 4-points system.

220. What do you mean by TAP and AQL?

Ans.

TAP = Total acceptable product in a lot

AQL = Acceptable quality limit.

221. What do you mean by core spun thread/yarn?

Ans. This thread /yarn has continuous filament polyester wrapped in cotton fibres.

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Apparel or Garments Related) Part-8

 

222. What do you mean by OE & CE zipper?

Ans.

OE zipper = open end zipper - use in jacket

CE zipper = closed end zipper - use in baggage.

223. If 40 or more than 40 defects are present in 100 square yards then the fabric is considered as rejected in four point system (True/false)?

Ans. True.

224. What is the name of first garments industry in Bangladesh?

Ans. REAZ garments.

225. What do you mean by garments final inspection?

Ans. Garments final inspection is to take decision whether the lot will be passed for shipment or it will be rejected.

226. What are the different types of sampling inspection of garments?

Ans.

Without inspection,

227.

Spot inspection,

Arbitary inspection,

Acceptance inspection.

228. Write down the section of shirt making?

Ans.

Collar section,

Cuff section,

Body section.

229. What do you mean by PD, WR, WP, and TC?

Ans. PD= Plain dyed, WR= Water repellent, WP= Water proof, TC= Tetron & cotton, SD= solid dyed, YD= Yarn dyed.

230. What is pattern?

Ans. The pieces of thick paper are required in the form necessary to make or style of garments is called pattern.

231. What do you mean by marking?

Ans. Drawing as patterns on the as per style.

232. What is consumption?

Ans. Needed quantity of cloth as per dz according to marker.

233. What do you mean by assortment?

Ans. To determine the quantity of garments according to size and colour.

234. What types of style of collar?

Ans.

One piece (Banded) collar,

Two piece (banded) collar,

Sport open (no bended) collar.

235. How many types of cuff according to style?

Ans. Four types —

Notched,

Squared, Rounded,

Pointed.

236. How many types of cuff according to construction?

Ans. Two types—

One piece cuff (The cuff which includes both front & back in one piece of cloth),

Two piece cuff (two piece of cloth).

237. Write down the types of front of a shirt?

Ans. (I) Plain, (II) Top center, (III) French front.

238. How many types of sleeve?

Ans. (I) Long genbol, (II)Sleeve placket, (III) Hemmed sleeve.

239. How many types of yoke ?

Ans.

One piece plain yoke (yoke and back are one piece of cloth),

Two piece single yoke (yoke is separated from the back but yoke is one piece)

Two piece double yoke (yoke is separated from the back but yoke are two piece of yokes)

240. How many types of pocket style?

Ans. (I) plain, (II) Hexagon, (III) Rounded, (IV) squared, (V) Hemmed.