Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Fabric Related) Part-5

 

121. What is poplin?

Ans: A durable, plain weave fabric similar to broadcloth but with a heavier rib and heavier weight. Made of silk, cotton, synthetic fibers, wool or blends.

122. What is ripstop?

Ans: A fabric woven with a double thread at regular intervals so that small tears do not spread.

123. What is rayon?

Ans: A manufactured natural fibre made from wood cellulose. It is soft, absorbent and drapes well. Also known as Viscose.

124. What is sateen?

Ans: A semi-lustrous surface distinguishes this smooth, durable fabric in a satin weave. Sateen is usually made of cotton.

125. What is seersucker?

Ans: A popular warm-weather cotton fabric with permanent woven crinkled stripes.

126. What is shot effect?

Ans: A color effect produced in fabrics woven with a warp yarn of one colour and a weft yarn of a contrasting color.

127. What is terry?

Ans: A fabric with loop pile on one or both sides.

128. What is toile?

Ans: Light/medium weight, plain weave, fine, cotton-type fabric, usually with one colored printed scenic design. Used mostly for home furnishings, clothing, etc.

129. What is velour?

Ans: Soft plush fabric with a close, dense pile.

130. What is wicking?

Ans: Refers to a fabric's tendency to disburse moisture rather than absorbing it.

131. What is weft Knits?

Ans: Weft is a type of knitting in which yarns run horizontally, from side to side, across the width of the fabric.

132. What is velvet?

Ans: A short, closely woven cut pile fabric with a rich, soft texture.

133. What is acrylic?

Ans: A synthetic fabric.

134. What is Aertex?

Ans: A trademark for a loosely woven cotton fabric that is used to make shirts and underwear.

135. What is batik?

Ans: a dyed fabric; a removable wax is used where the dye is not wanted

136. What is broadcloth?

Ans: A closely woven silk or synthetic fabric with a narrow crosswise rib.

137. What is canvas or canvass?

Ans: A heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs sails or tents).

138. What is cashmere?

Ans: A soft fabric made from the wool of the Cashmere goat

139. What is cerecloth?

Ans: A waterproof waxed cloth once used as a shroud.

140. What is coating?

Ans: A heavy fabric suitable for coats.

141. What is corduroy or cord?

Ans: A cut pile fabric with vertical ribs; usually made of cotton.

142. What is crape or crepe?

Ans: A soft thin light fabric with a crinkled surface.

143. What is diaper?

Ans: A fabric (usually cotton or linen) with a distinctive woven pattern of small repeated figures

144. What is edging?

Ans: border consisting of anything placed on the edge to finish something.

145. What is duck?

Ans: a heavy cotton fabric of plain weave; used for clothing and tents.

146. What is duffel or duffle ?

Ans: A coarse heavy woolen fabric (such as a fringe on clothing or on a rug).

147. What is aba?

Ans: Garment of camel or goat hair; camel or goat-hair fabric.

148. What is alpaca?

Ans: Fine wool made from alpaca hair.

149. What is angora?

Ans: Silk-like fabric made from wool of angora goats.

150. What is bagging?

Ans: Coarse fabric for making bags or sacks.

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Fabric Related) Part-6

 

151. What is baft?

Ans: Cheap coarse cotton fabric.

152. What is atlas?

Ans: Rich satin fabric.

153. What is bump?

Ans: Coarse cotton fabric.

154. What is calamanco?

Ans: Satin twilled woollen fabric.

155. What is camaca?

Ans: Fine silk fabric.

156. What is chambray?

Ans: Lightweight fabric with coloured warp and white filling.

157. What is chino?

Ans: Strong twilled cotton cloth.

158. What is crash?

Ans: Coarse drapery and towelling fabric.

159. What is dimity?

Ans: Sheer and stout white cotton.

160. What is delaine?

Ans: Light fabric of wool or mixed wool and cotton.

161. What is domett?

Ans: Plain cotton-wool blend.

162. What is drill?

Ans: Durable twilled cotton.

163. What is faille?

Ans: Shiny closely woven silk, cotton or rayon fabric.

164. What is foulard?

Ans: Soft lightweight plain-woven or twilled silk fabric.

165. What is flannel?

Ans: Light woollen fabric.

166. What is fuji?

Ans: Plain spun silk fabric.

167. herringbone?

Ans: Twilled fabric woven in rows of parallel sloping lines.

168. What is jacquard ?

Ans: Intricately-woven variegated fabric; loom for making jacquard.

169. What is jean?

Ans: Durable twilled cotton material.

170. What is lasting?

Ans: Sturdy cotton or worsted cloth.

171. What is melton?

Ans: Strong and smooth heavy woollen cloth.

172. What is muslin?

Ans: Plain-woven fine cotton.

173. What is ninon?

Ans: Silk voile or other thin fabric.

174. What is oxford?

Ans: Soft durable plain-woven cotton.

175. What is ramie?

Ans: Strong lustrous fabric resembling linen or silk.

176. What is rep?

Ans: Plain-woven fabric with crosswise ribs.

177. What is romal?

Ans: Handkerchief or headcloth; silk or cotton fabric.

178. What is weaving?

Ans. the process of interlacing two sets of yarns namely warp and weft, at right angle to make a fabric, according to design.

179. What is knitting?

Ans. It is the process of producing fabric by transferring continuous yarns into interlocking loops, each row of loop hanging from the one immediately preceding it.

180. How many sets of yarn are used in knitting?

Ans. One set (warp or weft).

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Fabric Related) Part-7

 

181. How many sets of yarn are used in weaving?

Ans. Two sets (warp and weft).

182. Is sizing required in knitted fabric?

Ans. No.

183. Write down the types/ classification of knitting.

Ans. Two types,

Warp knitting &

Weft knitting.

184. Is yarn preparation is needed in knitting?

Ans. No.

185. Is knitting fabric produce by inter looping?

Ans. Yes.

186. Is weaving fabric produce by interlacing?

Ans. Yes.

187. In which knitting, a fabric is produce by single yarn?

Ans. Weft knitting.

188. What is the other name of warp yarn?

Ans. Ends

189. Write down the loom driving system?

Ans.

Hand driving (hand loom) &

Electric motor driving (power loom)

190. Write down/ what are the different types of shed?

Ans.

Bottom close shed

Center close shed

Semi-open shed

Open shed

191. What is shedding?

Ans. Shedding is the act of dividing the warp threads according to design into two parts, to allow the passage of shuttle/weft inserting element from one side of the loom to the other.

192. Write down/what are the types of shedding mechanism?

Ans.

Paddle/treadle shedding (used in hand loom)

Tappet shedding (used in power loom)

Dobby shedding (used in power loom, at past used in hand loom)

Jacquard shedding (both hand & power loom are used now)

Combined shedding

193. Normally tapped shedding mechanism produces square design (e.g. 4x4, 6x6, 7x7, etc.) (Yes /no)

Ans. Yes.

194. We can produce basic weave structures (i.e plain, twills satin) in tapped shedding (yes/no)

Ans. Yes

195. Where open shed is used?

Ans. Tapped loom

196. What is fabric?

Ans: Interlacement of two or more thread of yarn.

197. What are the primary motion?

Ans. The primary motion are as follows-

Shedding

Picking

Beating

198. What are the secondary motion?

Ans. The secondary motion are as follows :

Let off

Take-up

199. What are the tertiary motion?

Ans. The tertiary motion are as follows-

Warp stop motion

Weft stop motion

Warp protector

Weft protector

200. Where bottom & center close shed are used?

Ans. Hand jacquard looms to produce delicate fabrics.

201. Where semi-open shed is used?

Ans. Double lift dobby & Jacquard.

202. One shedding + one picking + one beating =?

Ans. One weaving cycle/ loom cycle/picks cycle

203. One picking tapped insert one pick(True or False)?

Ans. True

204. What is the result of unequal shedding?

Ans. Wrong design & stitching

205. What are the maximum numbers of heald frame controlling capacity in tapped shedding mechanism?

Ans. 14

206. Dobby shedding mechanism can produce both square and rectangular size design (yes/no)

Ans. Yes

207. What types of design can be produced by Jacquard looms?

Ans. Any design

208. What are the maximum numbers of warp threads controlling capacity in Jacquard loom?

Ans. 1800

209. What is sizing?

Ans. Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.

210. What materials form the base of the size?

Ans. Starch or gum

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Fabric Related) Part-8

 

211. What are the types of loom?

Ans.

Hand loom &

Power loom

212. What are the types of power loom?

Ans.

Modern/shuttle less loom &

Conventional/shuttle loom.

213. What is picking?

Ans. To propel the shuttle or any other weft inserting elements.

214. Write down the faults of picking

Ans.

Early picking

Late picking

Smash or Bang-off

Short picking

Harsh picking

Shuttle flying out

215. Some meaning

Ans.

PPM = picks per minute

PPI = picks per inch

EPI = Ends per inch

RS = Reed space

216. Actual production of a m/c is always less than that calculated production (True/False)

Ans. True

217. What is the object of beat-up mechanism?

Ans. To push the newly inserted weft yarn (last pick) to the fell of the cloth.

218. What is the function of take-up mechanism?

Ans. To wind the already woven fabric on the cloth roller with the progress of weaving.

219. What is pick spacing?

Ans. The space occupied by a pick in fabric

220. What is let-off mechanism?

Ans. To unwind the equivalent length of warp sheet from the warp beams with the progress of take-up during weaving.

221. What are the basic weave structures?

Ans. (i) Plain (ii) Twill and (iii) Satin

222. Write down/Classify the types of sett.

Ans.

Warp sett (No. of warp/inch)

Weft sett (no. of weft/inch)

223. What is weave?

Ans. Interlacement of the ends and picks with each other produces a coherent structure. The repeating pattern of interlacing is called the weave.

224. What is warp & weft crimp?

Ans. The waviness of the yarns due to interlacing of warp and weft in producing fabric is called crimp.

225. What is face loop?

Ans. The loop where heads are below and hanks are above is called face loop.

226. What is back loop?

Ans. The loop where heads are above and hanks are below is called back loop.

227. What is the basic knitted structure?

Ans.

single jersey or plain

1x1 rib

1x1 inter lock

1x1 purl.

228. Write down the weft knitting elements.

Ans.

Needle

Sinker

Cam

229. Write down the types of needle.

Ans.

Latch needle

Bearded needle

Compound needle

230. Write down the types of knit wear.

Ans.

Cut and sew knit wear

Fully fashion knit wear.

231. Write down the basic stitches of knitting structure.

Ans.

Knit stitch

Miss/ float stitch

Tuck stitch

232. How can you identify single jersey fabric?

Ans. In single jersey fabrics, all face loops are present in one side and all back loops are present in other side of the fabric.

233. How can you identify double jersey fabric?

Ans. In double jersey fabrics, face & back loops are present in every side of the fabric.

234. The size of held loop is always bigger than knit loop (yes/no).

Ans. Yes.

235. Write down the warp knitting elements.

Ans.

Needle

Cam

Sinker

236. Needle individually works in which knitting?

Ans. Weft knitting m/c.

237. Needles work unitedly in warp knitting (yes/no).

Ans. Yes.

238. What is pitch?

Ans. The distance between one needle and another.

239. Technical face and back is of same in rib structure (yes/no).

Ans. Yes.

240. What is a coarse?

Ans. A coarse is a predominantly horizontal row of needle loops.

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Fabric Related) Part-11

 

301. What are the reason of clothing?

Ans.

Modesty

Protection against adverse climate conditions

Adornment

Identification

Aristocratic reason

302. What the breaks that used to stop the loom?

Ans.

Mechanical

Pneumatic (used air)

Hydraulic (used liquid)

303. Some important terms -

* The ratio of RPM of crank shaft and bottom shaft is always 2:1

** RPM of crank shaft = PPM of the loom

304. Can we mount more than two shedding tappet in a loom?

Ans. No

305. What is dwell?

Ans. The stationary period of heald frames in open shed condition during which time, the shuttle travel from one side of the loom to the other side.

306. How many heald frames can be controlled by Dobby shedding mechanism?

Ans. Theoretically maximum 48 but practically 36 can be controlled. But for cotton yarn weaving 24 controlled.

307. Minimum how many heald frame is controlled by Dobby shedding?

Ans. Minimum 12.

308. Maximum how many heald frame is controlled by Jacquard shedding?

Ans. 1800

309. What is efficiency?

Ans. The weaving efficiency describes how effectively a set of looms work in normal working environment.

310. What is bastard reed?

Ans: A reed in which dent space at each side is slightly greater than in the center.

311. What is flat bed?

Ans: A bed which provides a flat surface in a same pane as the table in which it is mounted.

312. What is Brocade?

Ans: A woven, patterned fabric using multi-colored threads

313. What is Damask?

Ans: It is similar to brocade but is finer, thiner. A woven, patterned fabric, using all one color - think fancy white cloth napkins. Usually silk, linen, cotton, rayon or synthetic blends.

314. What is voile?

Ans: Soft fine sheer fabric.

315. What is worsted?

Ans: Fine closely-woven wool.

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Fabric Related) Part-9

 

241. What is a wale?

Ans. A wale is a predominantly vertical column of intermeshed needle loops.

242. What is the first type of needle?

Ans. Bearded needle.

243. What is the problem of bearded needle?

Ans. Presser bar is used as closing elements.

244. What is the function of sinker that performed?

Ans.

loop formation

holding down

knocking over.

245. What is cam?

Ans. Cams are the devices which convert the rotary machine drive into a suitable reciprocating action for the needles or other elements.

246. Write down the types of cam.

Ans.

Engineering cam,

Knitting cam.

247. What is needle loop?

Ans. The needle loop is the basic unit of knitted structure.

248. Write down the types of clearing cam.

Ans.

Knit cam,

Tuck cam,

Miss cam

249. What is the basic knitting action of a needle?

Ans.

Rest position,

Opening,

Clearing,

Yarn feeding

Landing,

Knock over.

250. What is held loop?

Ans. A held loop is an old loop that the needle has retained

251. Where the interlock fabrics are used?

Ans. Under garments clothing.

252. Inter lock has the technical face of plain fabric on both side (yes/no).

Ans. Yes.

253. In interlock fabric, reverse or back loop is not seen (yes/no).

Ans. Yes.

254. Technical face & back is of different in single Jersey fabric (yes/no)

Ans. Yes

255. What do you mean by GSM?

Ans. Gram per square meter.

256. What do you mean by oz/sq. yd?

Ans. Ounce per square yard.

257. Where GSM is used?

Ans. The term GSM is popularly used in knitted industry because buying & selling are done on the basis of weight of the fabrics.

258. What is the GSM range for finer fabrics?

Ans. Below 150

259. What is the meaning of CVC & PC/TC?

Ans.

CVC = Chief value of cotton (i.e. cotton more than 50%)

PC/TC=Polyester&Cotton / Tetron & Cotton (i.e.polyester more than 50%)

83. What types of loops produce in knitting?

Ans. Interlocking or Interlooping loops.

260. Weft knitting produce in which form?

Ans. Tubular form.

261. In which/loop, shanks are above and heads are below?

Ans. Face loop.

262. What is sinker loop?

Ans. The loop that joins two adjacent needle loop.

263. What is the basic unit of knitted structure?

Ans. Stitch/loop

264. Legs or shanks are below and heads are above in back loop (Yes/No).

Ans. Yes.

265. In where alternate face and back loops produced by two sets needle?

Ans. Rib structure.

266. In interlock fabric, is back loop invisible?

Ans. Yes.

267. Which is the only movable cam in the cam box?

Ans. Stitch cam.

268. What is the principal element of knitting m/c?

Ans. Needle.

269. What fabric produced by adhesive and punching?

Ans. Non-woven fabric.

270. Write the process sequence of woven fabric production?

Ans.

(A) Yarn preparation

Winding

Drawing in and denting

Warping

Leasing

Sizing

Tyeing in / Knotting

(B) Weaving

(C) Inspection

(D) Folding

(E) Transfer to DPF (Dyeing, Printing & Finishing)

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Fabric Related) Part-1

 

1. What is fabric?

Ans: Interlacement of two or more thread of yarn.

2. Categories of the woven fabric structure.

Ans: Simple structure, Complex structure.

3. What is the construction of fabric?

Ans: Warp count X Weft count/EPI X PPI X Fabric width.

4. What is texture?

Ans: Quality of fabric such as handle properties, shining properties, draping properties.

5. Texture depends on which mater?

Ans: Yarn count, EPI, PPI, Yarn twist, Interlacement etc.

6. What is contact field?

Ans: Contact points between warp & weft yarn at a right angle. (RNwa*RNwe)

7. What is interlacing field?

Ans: The points where a yarn of one system of threads changes its position in relation to other systems.

8. What is a free field?

Ans: The zone where the warp & weft yarn does not touch & change fabric side.

9. What is an open field?

Ans: Zone where warp nor weft thread occurs.

10. What is interlacing ratio?

Ans: Ratio between actual no of interlacing & maximum no of interlacing.

11. What is repeat number?

Ans: No of warp & weft yarns in a fabric.

12. What is drafting?

Ans: Drawing process of warp yarn through heald eye according to the plan or design.

13. What is lifting plan?

Ans: Selection of healds to be lifted or lowered.

14. What is skip Draft?

Ans: To make fabric with high density of warp yarn.

15. What is pointed draft?

Ans: Used to produce fabric with symmetrical design.

16. How divided draft is produced?

Ans: By dividing the heald shafts into two or more groups.

17. Why grouped draft is needed?

Ans: To producing check & strip fabric.

18. Finer yarn used as where?

Ans: As warp.

19. Coarser yarn used as where?

Ans: As weft.

20. What is twill weave?

Ans: The weave is characterized by diagonal lines of warp & weft floats on the face of the fabric on both side.

21. Some types of twil.

Ans: Zig-zag, Herring bone, Diamond, Broken, Rearrange, Stepped, Elongated, Shadded, Combined twill etc.

22. Direction of horizontal zig-zag twill.

Ans: Upon the warp yarn.

23. Is pointed draft found in horizontal zig-zag twill.

Ans: Yes.

24. Direction of vertical zig-zag twill.

Ans: Upon the weft yarn.

25. Is vertical zig-zag twill made from any complicated continuous twill?

Ans: Yes.

26. Herring bone twill.

Ans: Produced by reversal of twill direction.

27. Warp yarn is double in the no of weft yarn.

Ans: In Horizontal Herring bone twill.

28. Weft yarn is double in the no of warp yarn.

Ans: In Vertical Herring bone twill.

29. What is elongated twill?

Ans: Twill angle is less or more than 45° respect to horizontal or vertical axis.

30. Warp way elongated twill runs …

Ans: Around 45° angle.

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Fabric Related) Part-2

 

31. Weft way elongated twill runs …

Ans: Bellow 45 degree angle.

32. Twill line of coarser & soft twisted yarn…

Ans: More prominent.

33. Twill line of fine & hard twisted yarn is…

Ans: Less prominent.

34. Twill line of folded yarn is…

Ans: More prominent.

35. Twill line of single yarn is…

Ans: Less prominent.

36. Define the warp satin.

Ans: If the prominence of warp floating are seen on the fabric surface.

37. Define the weft satin.

Ans: If the prominence of weft floating are seen on the fabric surface.

38. Show the types of fancy fabric.

Ans: Mock leno, Hucka back, Honey comb, Crepe weave, Bed cord, Pique.

39. What is Albert cloth?

Ans: A reversible cloth or self stitched double cloth overcoating, woven with a different design on each side in stripe or check.

40. What is alpaca fabric?

Ans: A fabric made from alpaca fabric.

41. What is Amazon cloth?

Ans: A light weight dress fabric with a full, soft handle made from worsted yarns as warp & soft spun worsted or woolen yarn as weft.

42. What is angora fabric?

Ans: A fabric woven from angora yarn.

43. What is Back beam?

Ans: A beam from which the warp is fed during sizing.

44. What is Back rest?

Ans: The roller at the back of a loom over which the warp threads from the beam pass.

45. Define the back felling?

Ans: The application of a feeling material to the back of a fabric.

46. What is balanced weave?

Ans: A weave in which the float of is the same in the warp & weft direction.

47. What is tension bar?

Ans: A bar composed of a weft yarn that has been stretched more or less than normal weft point during weaving.

48. What is Embossed velvet?

Ans: Design is normally heat pressed or chemically press to flatten some of the pile

49. What is cloth?

Ans: Cloth or fabric is a flexible artificial material made up of a network of natural or artificial fibres (thread or yarn) formed by weaving or knitting (textiles, or pressed into felt.)

50. What are the basic structure of weft knitted fabric ?

Ans:

plain or single jersey .

rib structure .

1*1 purl structure .

1*1 interlock structure .

51. Which elements are fabric raw material ?

Ans: Yarn, fiber, filament, solution .

52. What is cam ?

Ans: Cam is a mechanical device which transfer the rotory or circular motion of a m/c parts or shaft to the linear motion .

53. What are the types of cam ?

Ans: a) engineering cam -> circular cam

b) Knitting cam -> angular cam

Angular cam: i)knit cam ii)tuck cam iii) miss cam

54. How many needle is used single jersey ?

Ans: 1 set needle is used

55. How many needle is used double jersey ?

Ans: 2 set needle is used

56. Define weft ?

Ans: Yarn inlaid in a knitted structure in parallel to a course is called weft .

57. What is Fillar ?

Ans: Yarn inlaid in a knitted structure in parallel to a wale is called fillar .

58. What is Curling ?

Ans: The bending tendency of single jersey fabric .

59. What is Rib ?

Ans: Fabric produce 2 set of needle alternately to produce course of face loop & wales of back loop is called rib ?

60. Define Interlock ?

Ans: Fabric produce by knitting 2 set of needle face two face thus hiding all back loops is called Interlock.

Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Fabric Related) Part-3

 

61. What is Lacra ?

Ans: polyurothin fibre, stetching fibre .

62. What is Gauge ?

Ans: Needles /inch .

63. What is Needle peace ?

Ans: Needle peace = 1 / NeedleGauge.

64. What are the basic element warp knitting ?

Ans: a) needle

b)sinker : i) loop formation ii) holding down iii) knock over

c)guide

65. What are the main features of single jersey plain fabric ?

Ans: i) technical face is smooth & v-shape is found & technical back is rough ii) produce by single set of needle iii) tendency of curling yarn .

66. What are the main features of rib structure ?

Ans: i) ) technical face & back is of same

ii) it is normally knitted 2 set of needles

iii) this types of fabric arenot curling tendency.

67. Define tappet fabric?

Ans: Fabrics of simple weave structure that may be woven or a cam or tappet loon .

68. Define CPI ?

Ans: Cpi means course per inch. It indicate the how many course are prese nt in one inch length of the fabric.

69. How many types of fabric?

Ans: Woven, Knitted, Non woven, Braid.

70. Define warp?

Ans: The sets of yarn which is used along the length of the fabric is termed as warp.

71. Define weft?

Ans: The sets of yarn which is used across the width of the fabric is termed as weft.

72. Write down the process sequence of dyed fabric production?

Ans: Yarn preparation, weaving, furnishing

73. What is the basic principle elements of Knitting?

Ans: Principle elements of Knitting- needle, sinker, cam, jack, yarn feeder

74. What is needle?

Ans: The hooked metal needle is the main principle knitting element of the Knitting m/c

75. Write down the function of needle?

Ans: The function of needle is – New yarn receiving, Loop forming, Carry the old loop, Clearing the old loop.

76. What is sinker?

Ans: It is the second primary knitting element. It is a thin metal plate with an individual or a collective action operating approximately at right angles from the hook side of the needle bed, between adjacent needles.

77. What is yarn feeder?

Ans: Yarn feeder mainly used for feed the yarn from package to Needle by yarn tensioner, yarn guide etc.

78. What is needle gauge?

Ans: No of Needles Per unit Length ( e.g. Needles/inch)

79. What is course?

Ans: Yarn inlaid horizontally with loop structure in a Knitting structure.

80. What is wale?

Ans: Yarn inlaid vertically with loop structure in a Knitting structure.

81. What is loop?

Ans: A piece of yarn used in knitted structure.

82. what is stitch?

Ans: Dimensionally stable structural unit of a knitted structure.

83. What is tuck loop?

Ans: When the needle receives new yarn but the old loop is not locked off in its regular course, it is known as Tuck loop.

Yarn Receiving + Not Clearing = Tuck loop.

84. What is miss loop?

Ans: When the needle neither receive new yarn nor allows the old loop to be inlaid without knitting is called miss loop.

Not Receiving + Not Clearing = Miss loop.

85. What is drop stitch?

Ans: When the needle clear the old loop without receiving new yarn.

86. What are the basic motions of a loom?

Ans: Basic motions of a loom, Primary motion., Secondary motion, Tertiary motion.

87. What is degree of interlacing?

Ans: When interlacing ratio is expressed as % is called degree of interlacing.

88. What is weave plan?

Ans: The interlacement of warp and weft yarn, is called weave plan.

89. What is drafting plan?

Ans: The process of drawing the warp yarn into the heald eye according to the weave plan or design is called drafting plan.

90. What is denting plan?

Ans: The process of inserting warp yarn through reed is called denting plan.