91. Why binder is used in pigment printing?
Ans: For consist the dye in the surface of fabric.
92. What is the difference between dye & pigment?
Ans: Dye is soluble & pigment is insoluble.
93. What is styles of printing?
Ans: 1.Direct printing, 2.Discharge printing, 3.Resist printing
94. At WTP which part of hardness is removed?
Ans: Positive part (Ca+)
95. At WTP which part of hardness is not removed?
Ans: Negative part (CO3-)
96. Which part gives greater hardness?
Ans: Negative part.
97. What is half emulsion?
Ans: Emulsion thickeners are often mixed with carbohydrate
paste to give so called half emulsion.
98. What is oil in water?
Ans: Emulsion of oil in water. This emulsion consists of
small droplets of oil dispersed in water. The negative charge
of the anionic emulsion molecules absorbed on the surface
of the droplets prevents their coalescence. In textile printing
a typical emulsion thickener has about 70% white sprite in
water.
99. What are synthetic thickeners?
Ans: Solution of synthetic polymers. Slightly cross-linked
co-polymer of acrylic acid derivatives and acrylic ester
disperse in water but remain insoluble.
100. What are the advantages of synthetic thickeners?
Ans: On addition of alkali such as ammonia, the carboxylic
acid group dissociates forming the carboxylate because of
the repulsion of the negative charges. A colloidal solution
result with a substantial increase in viscosity. The polymer
does not dissolve because of the crosslinks between the
polymer chain.
101. What is rotary screen?
Ans: In rotary screen printing coloured paste forced through
the open areas of a cylindrical printing screen that rotates
as the fabric moves beneath it .
102. What is the squeeze systems used in rotary screen printing machine?
Ans:
Rubber Squeeze.
Double Squeeze.
Magnetic rod Squeeze.
103. What are the advantages of rotary screen printing machine?
Ans:
High productivity.
Quality of end result.
Evenness of color.
104. What is the squeeze systems used in Flat screen printing machine?
Ans: Parallel rubber blades.
105. What is adhesive system used in a fully automatic flat screen machine?
Ans: This is more problem of a fully automatic flat screen
printing where colors are printed one after the other with
little time for dyeing of the deposited paste. For this reason
printing of large areas of colour is asually done last.
106. What is the fundamental mechanism of screen printing?
Ans: Hydrodynamic pressure is built up in the print paste
between the squeegee and screen surface through which
paste is passed.
107. What is substantivity?
Ans: The attraction between a substrate and a dye
molecule.
108. What is affinity?
Ans: The quantitative expression of substantivity.It is
difference between the chemical potential of the dye in its
standard state in the fibre and corresponding potential in the
dye bath.
109. What is chromophore group?
Ans: The name is derived from the Greek Chroma=color and
phore from pherein=to bear. Chromophore are unsaturated
organic radicals. A molecules possessing no Chromophore
would be colorless.
110. What is auxochrome?
Ans: The name is derived from the Greek auxein=to
increase, and Chroma=color. Auxochromes intensify the hue
of the dye molecules color.
111. What is emulsion thickener?
Ans: Emulsion thickeners are helpful since mineral spirits
are excellent wetting agents for hydrophobic fibre.these
thickener increase levelness and penetration of the dye in
the fibre.
112. What types of dyes are used for silk dyeing ?
Ans: For brighter shade = Direct, Acid, Basic,& Vat dyes are
used.
To dye this fibre also, Mordant or chrome dyes and
premetalised dyes are used.
113. What is the end use of silk ?
Ans: End uses: Used in highly demanded cloths, Furnishing
in different curtains and In the sharee.
114. What is the effect of acids and alkali on silk?
Ans:
Effects of Acids:
Strong acid : Decompose
Moderate conc; acids : Causes construction.
Dilute acids: Not attack.
Effects of alkali:
Conc; caustic alkali: Silk dissolved.
Weak alkali as soap : Borase.
Ammonia causes : Little appreciable damage.
115. Mention the average length and strength of silk filament?
Ans:
Average length = 300 m
Strength: Tenacity –Dry: – 4.3 g/d
Wet:-dry*0.92.
116. Mention the major silk producing country?
Ans: Producing country: People’s Republic of china, Japan,
Korea, Soviet Union, India, Italy, France, & the Hungary.
117. Mention the natural filament?
Ans: Silk, Mohair, Cashmere, Camels, hair, Alpaca, Angora,
Lama, Vicuna, & Gunaco Etc.
118. What are the end use of wool fibre?
Ans; Luxury coating, Sweaters, Shawls, Suit and dress
fabric.
119. What type of dyes are used for wool dyeing?
Ans; Easy to dye, Acid, Mordant or chrome, prematalized,
reactive, dye stuff is Suitable.
120. Briefly discuss the anionic polymerization process with example?
Ans: Anionic polymerization process are given below;
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