Basic Viva For Textile Engineers (Dyeing Related) Part-1

 

1. What is wet processing?

The process which is used for de-sizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing is termed as wet processing.

2. What do you mean by hardness of water?

The property of the textile water for which it does not form foam easily without a lot of soap is known hardness of water. It has two types named temporary hardness and permanent hardness.

3. What is PPM?

The number of grains of calcium carbonate which is present in one millions grains of water is termed as PPM.

4. What do you mean by degree of hardness?

The number of grains of calcium carbonates which is present in 70000 grains of water is known as degree of hardness of water.

5. What is water softening?

To remove the impurities of hard water by some desirable process is known as water softening.

6. What is soap?

Soap is a metallic salt of saturated or unsaturated higher fatty acid. There may be Pb, Mg, Ca or other metallic salt.

7. What is detergent?

The compound which gets orient at the interface between water and air and reduces interfacial tension or surface is known as detergent. It is mainly two types named ionic and non-ionic.

8. What is enzyme?

It is one types of bio catalyst. It is based on protein. It is soluble in water but insoluble in acid and alkali.

9. What is Chroma?

The dullness of vividness of color describing is known Chroma.

10. What is shade?

The meaning of shade is concentration. Usually, the depth of the tone of color is known as shade. It is three types such as light shade, medium shade and deep shade.

11. What is pigment?

It is normally a substance in particulate form which is substantially insoluble in a medium but which can be mechanically dispersed in this medium to modify its color and light.

12. What is stripping?

If the textile goods become uneven dyeing and insoluble for using then the color has to be distorted. The process to destroying of removing dye or finish form fibres or fabrics is known as stripping.

13. What is topping?

The application of further colorant not necessarily of the same hue or class to a dyed substance in order to adjust the latter to the desired final color is known as topping.

14. What do you mean by after treatment?

The process which is used for proper and perfect dyeing action is known as after treatment. In case of direct dye, after treatment is done for increasing light fastness and wash fastness of dyed materials. Dye particle is done insoluble into the fiber after treatment.

15. What is vatting?

The action which helps to insoluble vat dyes to be used by soluble is called vatting.

16. What is thickener?

It used in textile printing which is a main part of high molecular weight compound giving viscose paste in water. Thickener imparts stickiness and plasticity to the printing paste so that it can be applied to a fabric surface without color spreading.

17. What is viscosity?

It is the ratio of shear stress to the rate of shearing.

18. What is shear stress?

The ratio of the force to the area of shearing is known as shear stress.

19. What is shear rate?

The ratio of the velocity to the clearance is known as shear rate.

20. What is ageing?

It is consisting of exposing printing goods to more or less prolonged action of steam at atmospheric pressure to assist in the diffusion and fixation of the dyes.

21. What is steaming?

This consists of submitting printed fabrics to the action of steam for varying period at various pressure.

22. What is hue?

The attribute of color whereby it is recognized as being predominantly red, green, blue, yellow, violet, brown etc. in simple words, a color of color is hue.

23. What do you mean by dyeing affinity?

The affinity of dye to the fibre is known as dyeing affinity.

24. What is substrate?

A material to which dyes and chemicals may be applied.

25. What is additive color?

It is a mixture of colored light. The three primary colors of red, green and blue when mixed together is equal proportions then produce white light. Mixing the three additives primaries in differing amounts can create any color in the rainbow. Color televisions use the principle of additive color mixing.

26. What is blotch print?

Prints where both the background and motif color are printed into the fabric using a direct printing process.

27. What is brand?

A trade name identifying a manufacturer or product.

28. What is color forecasting?

The selection of ranges of color that are deemed to be those that will be wanted for a particular product or market at a particular time in the future.

29. What is color palette?

It is a range of selected color that will usually consist of groups of color, chosen with regard to trends and predicated directions.

30. What is color recipe?

List of component chemicals and pigments or dyestuff with relative quantities required to produce desired color.